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You are here: Home / History of portable computers with a rugged bias / GRiD Compass – 1982

GRiD Compass – 1982

Grid 1101

1982

Grid Compass rugged laptop

Grid Compass – the first rugged laptop

The Grid Compass 1101 was the first clamshell laptop ever produced. This innovation of folding the screen over the keyboard was eventually used by almost all laptop manufacturers and for a long time provided Grid with a revenue stream from the patent.  It was made of die-cast magnesium, which makes it the first truly rugged portable, and therefore gets pride of place on www.rugged-portable.com and an extra long post! Grid apparently stood for “Graphical Retrieval Information Display”

Designed by Bill Moggridge, a British industrial designer who made it to the bay area long before Jony Ive, the GRiD Compass 1101 was innovative and successful despite being expensive and rather odd in some ways.  Bubble memory?  GPIB built in? GRID-OS? a 1200bps modem?

Bill’s original design featured all of the classic features of a modern clamshell laptop.  In order to raise money for the venture, he created a mock-up of the proposed product.  Not in 3D cad…  But a real mock-up:

Original prototype mockup of the GRiD Compass had clamshell lid, EL display and an ugly keyboard

Original prototype mockup of the GRiD Compass

GRID Systems Corporation

John Ellenby founded GRiD Systems Corporation in 1979 and was later joined by co-founders Glenn Edens (VP of Development) and David Paulsen (Manager of Hardware Engineering).  The company was based in Mountain View, CA in the heart of Silicon Valley.

They moved from a garage (typical!) to their first office building in August of 1980 at which time they started hiring people. The company was very secretive (not even telling job applicants what they might be working on) and remained in stealth mode till March 30, 1981 when they issued their first press release.

The original GriD concept was inspired by Alan Kay’s vision of a Dynabook.  Ellenby apparently wanted to develop a portable email terminal, while Glen envisioned a portable personal computer. Indeed, Edens said his primary contribution was to push the founding team to do a whole computer, complete with local processing and storage (rather then a dumb terminal with only email capability).

Grid Compass laptop

Grid Laptop

The Grid Compass was primarily bought by the military, NASA, and other government agencies, and is famous for having been used on shuttle missions in the 80’s. It was also a fixture on Air Force 1. On sale at the same time as the Osborne 1 ($1,795) the price of $8,100 was pretty stratospheric.

NASA modified the GriD by replacing the modem module with a Shuttle Bus interface board, designed by Rockwell International. That enabled the GriD to communicate with on board instruments.  This type of modification is exactly what ProCustom Group does today for Getac rugged laptops.

Link to Smithsonian Link for Grid-II

Also importantly, it featured as the sentry gun control terminal in Aliens the movie.

Grid discussion at the Computer History Museum

“Grid was used to launch every satellite off the space shuttle from 1984-1987. The launch sequence software for the shuttle was actually programmed into the on board Grid Compass. The GriD could communicate with all the electronics gear on the shuttle via a Rockwell built communications card that replaced the integral modem. Later, NASA programmers developed quality of life applications for the GRiD. These included calendar scheduling for the astronauts. NASA called the GRid – a Portable On board Computer. In the Jan 1986 Challenger shuttle disaster, the Grid’s were recovered and they still worked.”

The above is from an excellent question and answer session at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, CA in 2008.  Well worth a read! Link to full article

Design

Bill Moggridge started IDEO – and they still have a post up about the design : IDEO  Image from the design museum

Closed Grid Compass

Closed Grid Compass

Circuit board and bubble memory modules

Bubble memory modules

Rear panel I/O

I/O interfaces

Specifications

Die-Cast Magnesium case 15″ x 11.5″ x 2″

Intel 8086 microprocessor with 8087 arithmetic co-processor

256K bytes DRAM

384K bytes bubble memory (non-volatile storage)

Electro-luminescent active matrix display – 340 x 240

57 key keyboard

integral 300/1200 bps modem with audio, telephone handset and speaker

RS-232C/RS-422 serial port

IEEE 488 GPIB peripheral interface

GriD link LAN

Clock/calendar with lithium battery back-up

Power consumption: 60W

grid-more-than-a-personal-computer – Grid Compass brochure –  (Thanks to http://archive.computerhistory.org/)

This guy has a collection of GRID computers: Ray’s Web Page and military computers

<<1981 Osborne1 – 1982 – TRS80 Model 100 1983>>

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Previous posts:

  • Contact
  • First Garfield comic strip
  • History of portable computers with a rugged bias
    • AGS MilPAC-III C4ISR Portable with 3 x 17.3″ displays
    • AGS-MRPC-4 – Lunchbox Computer – 2011
    • Compaq Portable III lunchbox computer
    • Dolch FlexPAC
    • Fieldworks FW7500 – 1994
    • Getac A320 Rugged Notebook
    • Getac B300
    • Getac Z710 – Rugged Android Tablet
    • GRiD Compass – 1982
    • IBM Convertible PC
    • IBM Portable 5155 – questionably rugged, questionably portable
    • IBM Portable PC 5110
    • IBM ThinkPad 700
    • iTronix GoBook XR-1 (General Dynamics)
    • Kontron IN-Lite
    • Kontron IP-Lite
    • Kookaburra PC / Dulmont Magnum 1983
    • Osborne 1 – The first portable PC
    • Osborne Vixen rugged luggable
    • Panasonic CF19
    • Panasonic Toughbook CF-25
    • PSION Series 5
    • Sharp PC-1211
    • TRS-80 Model 100 (Radio Shack)
    • TRS-80 Tandy/Radio Shack
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